Butterflies

To attract a good butterfly population to the garden one needs caterpillar host plants species, nectar-rich plants to feed the adults and suitable shelter plants for overwintering species of butterfly. Caterpillar host plants include nettles, willow, holly, ivy, wild strawberries, vetches, trefoils and potentillas and long grass, so leave a patch unmown. Nectar plants should be selected to ensure availability over the seasons and include: Hawthorn, Mints, Lavenders, Hebes, Pinks (dianthus), Aubretia, Thymes, Asclepias, Buddleia, Calamints, Eupatoriums, Echinaceas, Globe artichoke, Helichrysums, Liatris, Bergamots, Oreganos, Scabious, Goldenrod, Elder, Verbenas and Vervain, Sedums, ivy (encourage it to flower by making sure some tendrils hang loose). Ivy is also a valuable winter shelter. 

Bees

Borage, thyme, sage, lavender and other aromatic herbs are great for bees and good for their immune systems. Spring flowers such as primrose, lungwort. Fruit blossoms are good for bumblebees and other bees species 

Birds

Small birds such as finches love feeding on the seeds of fennel, evening primrose and other seed-bearing plants in the autumn. Fruiting hedges containing female holly, hawthorn, crab apples, wild rose, sloes, sea buckthorn, blackberries, elderberries, and other fruit are also great food (though there may be some competition for the fruit from humans). Also, pyracanthas, berberis, and cotoneaster. Plants that attract insects that birds feed on are also beneficial. Hedges and trees for nesting sites are obviously a really important feature too. 

Moths

Night time moths; honeysuckle, jasmine, evening primrose, clary sage. Daytime moths such as hummingbird hawk moths; pinks, sweet william and carnations, sage, clary sage and other aromatic flowers. Cinnabar moth caterpillars feed on ragweed, although most of us do not want to encourage this in our gardens.

Earthworms

Do not eat plants but can be encouraged by reducing deep digging and making good composts.

It is good to try and plan plantings so that there are nectar and pollen producing plants over a wide a season as possible eg primrose and lungwort and rosemary for early spring, a wide variety for the summer and Sedum and ivy for the autumn.

Successional sowings (sowing seeds over several months) can extend the flowering season, as can deadheading (removing flowers from plants such as calendula before they go to seed) so that the pant continues to generate new flowers.

Nuts and acorns are good food for jays, crows, pigeons and red squirrels. Ivy is useful autumn food for butterflies and bees as is Sedum spectabile. Ground cover, green manures and mulches are good for encouraging beetles but may harbour slugs as well.

I guess slugs are wildlife too but can be rather indiscriminate about which plants they devour. 

Suggested plants (both native and ornamental) to include: 

Annual plants baby’s breath, cornflower, basils, phacelia, birdsfoot trefoil, cosmos, borage, calendula/pot marigold, Californian poppy, candytuft, coriander, maize (there are colourful ornamental varieties), corn poppy, poached egg plant, sunflower.

Biennial Plants

Wild celery, parsley, chervil, mullein, angelica, alkanet, evening primrose, teasel.

Perennial Plants

Anise hyssop, mints, eupatorium species, especially hemp agrimony, ajuga catmints, comfrey, lungwort, thymes, rosemary, sages, crocuses, daffodils and narcissi, fennel, lovage, feverfew, tansy, goldenrod, Jerusalem artichoke, elecampane, globe artichoke, chives, lavenders, paeonies, mallows, Queen Anne's lace/wild carrot, sea pinks, stonecrops, yarrow, meadowsweet, wild strawberry, buddleia, roses (the more fragrant the better for insects and wild roses for the best fruit for birds), elders, hawthorn, lime blossom, apples, pears and other fruiting trees, willow, holly, oak, Sycamore